Who devised the theory of multiple intelligences?

Howard Gardner is credited with devising the theory of multiple intelligences, which proposes that intelligence is not a single entity, but rather a collection of distinct modalities. Gardner identified various types of intelligences that reflect different ways individuals process information and approach learning. These intelligences include linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic.

By recognizing these diverse intelligences, Gardner’s theory emphasizes that individuals have unique strengths and learning styles, which can influence educational approaches. This perspective encourages educators to create more inclusive and varied teaching methods to cater to the different intelligences of students, hence promoting a broader understanding of human capability beyond traditional measures of intelligence.

The other figures listed are significant in the field of psychology and education, each contributing in their own ways. Jean Piaget focused on cognitive development, Sigmund Freud is known for psychoanalysis, and Lev Vygotsky emphasized social interaction and culture's role in learning. Their theories differ fundamentally from Gardner's focus on multiple intelligences and the range of cognitive capabilities humans possess.